West Coast EMT Block One Exam

Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct?

1. A. Documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment.

2. B. Advice given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented.

3. C. A patient who consumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment.

4. D. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

The correct answer is: D. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport, and this principle is foundational in emergency medical services. The right to refuse is based on the understanding that adults have autonomy and the right to make decisions about their own medical care, including the refusal of treatment. For a refusal to be valid, the patient must be informed of the potential risks and consequences associated with that decision. In circumstances where a patient is deemed mentally competent at the time of the refusal, they maintain the authority over their healthcare decisions. This is especially important for EMS personnel to understand, as they must ensure that the patient is fully aware of their condition and the implications of declining care. The other options misunderstand the legal and ethical aspects of patient refusal. Documentation of proposed care is indeed necessary, as it provides a record of the information given to the patient and their subsequent decision-making process. Advice provided to the patient should also be documented to keep a factual account of what the patient was informed about before making their decision. Lastly, the impairment from substances such as alcohol can affect a patient's cognitive abilities, complicating their capacity to make an informed refusal. Thus, being under the influence may preclude them from making a competent decision regarding care.